Mullaperiyar Dam: A Comprehensive Overview
Introduction
The Mullaperiyar Dam, located on the Periyar River in Kerala, India, is a symbol of engineering marvel and controversy. Built over a century ago, this dam continues to be at the center of disputes between the states of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This article delves into the history, construction, controversies, and the current status of the Mullaperiyar Dam, providing an in-depth understanding of its significance and the ongoing debates surrounding it.
History and Construction of Mullaperiyar Dam
The Mullaperiyar Dam was constructed between 1887 and 1895 by the British government. The dam was designed to divert water eastwards to the Madras Presidency (now Tamil Nadu) to irrigate the arid plains. Sir John Pennycuick, a British engineer, led the project, which involved significant challenges due to the terrain and technology of the time.
Key Facts About Mullaperiyar Dam
Aspect | Details |
Location | Idukki District, Kerala, India |
Constructed By | British Government |
Year of Completion | 1895 |
Height | 53.66 meters (176 feet) |
Length | 365.85 meters (1,200 feet) |
Reservoir Capacity | 443.23 million cubic meters |
Primary Purpose | Irrigation and water supply to Tamil Nadu |
Operated By | Tamil Nadu Government |
Current Legal Jurisdiction | Supreme Court of India |
Significance of the Dam
The Mullaperiyar Dam plays a crucial role in supplying water to five districts in Tamil Nadu, making it vital for agriculture, drinking water, and electricity generation. The dam is also integral to the Periyar National Park ecosystem, adding another layer of environmental significance.
Controversies Surrounding Mullaperiyar Dam
The dam has been a point of contention between Kerala and Tamil Nadu for decades. The primary concerns revolve around the safety of the over-a-century-old structure and the potential risk it poses to the people living downstream in Kerala. Here’s a breakdown of the major issues:
1. Safety Concerns
Given its age, the structural integrity of the Mullaperiyar Dam has been questioned repeatedly. Kerala argues that the dam, built with lime-surkhi mortar, is vulnerable to seismic activity, posing a grave threat to the densely populated areas downstream.
2. Water Levels
The dispute also involves the water level in the reservoir. Tamil Nadu wants to maintain the water level at 142 feet to meet its irrigation needs, while Kerala insists on reducing it to 136 feet to ensure safety.
3. Legal Battles
The issue has been taken to the Supreme Court of India multiple times. In 2014, the Supreme Court allowed Tamil Nadu to raise the water level to 142 feet, but the matter remains unresolved, with both states continuing to file petitions and appeals.
4. Environmental Impact
The environmental impact of the dam and its operations is another point of concern. The surrounding Periyar Tiger Reserve is a biodiversity hotspot, and changes in water levels could disrupt the habitat of several endangered species.
Current Status of Mullaperiyar Dam
As of 2024, the Mullaperiyar Dam continues to be a subject of intense debate. The Supreme Court of India has ordered the constitution of a supervisory committee to monitor the water levels and the dam's safety. Both Kerala and Tamil Nadu governments remain engaged in legal and political tussles, with no final resolution in sight.
Impact of Mullaperiyar Dam on Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Aspect | Kerala | Tamil Nadu |
Primary Concern | Safety and potential risk of dam failure | Water security for agriculture and drinking purposes |
Legal Standpoint | Advocates for lower water levels and new dam | Favors maintaining current water levels |
Environmental Impact | Potential threat to Periyar Tiger Reserve | Relies on the water for farming activities |
Economic Impact | Risk to life and property in downstream areas | Crucial for the livelihood of farmers in five districts |
Conclusion
The Mullaperiyar Dam stands as a testament to engineering prowess and a symbol of ongoing inter-state conflict. While it remains essential for Tamil Nadu's water supply, the concerns raised by Kerala regarding its safety cannot be overlooked. As the legal battles continue, the future of the dam remains uncertain, requiring careful consideration of both human safety and regional needs.
FAQs
1. What is the main purpose of the Mullaperiyar Dam?The primary purpose of the Mullaperiyar Dam is to divert water to Tamil Nadu for irrigation, drinking water, and electricity generation.
2. Why is the Mullaperiyar Dam controversial?The dam is controversial due to concerns about its safety, water levels, and the ongoing legal disputes between Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
3. How old is the Mullaperiyar Dam?The Mullaperiyar Dam was completed in 1895, making it over 125 years old.
4. What are the environmental concerns related to the Mullaperiyar Dam?Environmental concerns include the potential impact on the Periyar Tiger Reserve and the surrounding ecosystem due to changes in water levels.
5. What is the current water level allowed in the Mullaperiyar Dam?As per the Supreme Court's 2014 ruling, the water level in the Mullaperiyar Dam can be maintained at 142 feet.
댓글